This study investigates the performance of PVDF hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for treating municipal/industrial wastewater. A range of parameters, including biofilm formation and temperature, were adjusted to optimize system performance. The results demonstrated that PVDF hollow fiber membran

Nanobubbles, intriguing structures with unique physicochemical characteristics, have garnered significant interest in recent times. These microscopic bubbles of gas enclosed within a solution exhibit exceptional stability and influence various processes in diverse domains. Generating and analy